2024年浙江省成考高起点《英语》重点知识复习（1）

一、不定冠词的基本用法

1.表示“一”的含义。

Give me a pen please。

We go shopping twice a week。

2.泛指某个人或东西。

Yesterday we visited an English secondary school。

She picked up a magazine and began to read。

3.表示一类人或东西。

He works as a language teacher in that university。

As a writer， he is successful。

Even a child can answer this question。

二、定冠词的基本用法

1.表示特定的人或东西。

Give me the magazine。

Beijing is the capital of China。

2.复述前文提到的人或东西。

Last week， I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。

The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing。

3.用于形容词前面，代表一类人或东西。

the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受伤的人

the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美丽的事物 the old 老年人

the young 年青人

4.用于表示世界上独一无二的东西的名词前面。

the moon， the sun， the earth

The moon moves aroud the earth。

5.用于序数词、方位名词、形容词与副词的最高级前面，副词最高级前面的the 可以省略。

January is the first month of the year。

The sun rises in the east。

“东、南、西、北”作副词时，前面不加冠词。

We are walking south。

形容词最高级前若有物主代词，就不加定冠词。

Monday is my busiest day。

6.用于姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。

The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。

The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.

7.不可数名词前面通常不加定冠词，但若有限制性定语修饰，或表示特定部分、特定内容时，前面需加定冠词。

Drink some water。

Is the water in the well fit for drink?

名词在句子中的作用：名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。

名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。

1.主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

All roads lead to Rome。(条条大路通罗马。)

His brother is an industrial engineer。

The number of the students attending the party is increasing。

★the number of 表示数量，无论后面名词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。

Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。

★two-thirds 三分之二

几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。

belong to 属于某人

Both of us are studying English。

★总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式;

几分之几，谓语单数形式;

both 谓语使用复数形式。

2.主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。

All the money he received was given to his mother。

Forgetting the past means betrayal。

What we are talking now is useless。

3.主语部分若有as well as， with， together with， like， but， except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。

Mary， as well as her two sisters， is a student of this school。

(as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式)

No one except my friends knows anything about it。

4.表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。“…+(×)…=…”算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。

Three times two is six。

Three kilometers is 3，ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看)

5.Either， neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Neither of us has been to Italy。

Has either of them been to Shanghai?

none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。

None of the students have/has seen the film。

None of the money belongs to me。

6.主语由either…or， neither…nor， not only…but also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。

Not only you but also I am wrong。

Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。

Either you or she is to do the work。

7.主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。

The bread and butter is nice。

8.主语前有many a， more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Many a book has been read by the students。

★many a book=many books

More than one person has been to the Great Wall。

9.集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。

The committee meets once a year. (作为整体)

The committee are having a meeting now. (作为独立个体)

People， police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The police have come to arrest him。